Shooting Sports

Definition Shooting

Shooting is a sport goal and seven-different types: the gun, skeet, ISKIT, the bottom line, free pistol, shooting quick shots. This is where all use different weapons and ammunition.

Date of Shooting

Grew up shooting as a means of survival, where the prey for the purpose of catching food. But in the nineteenth century, the Industrial Revolution made ​​searching for food is not necessary for many people have developed as a sport shooting, especially in English-speaking country such as England and the United States, as well as Ireland and South Africa. In 1871 formed the National Rifle Association (USA), which is due to the development of archery as a form of organized sports in the United States.

Olympia

Shooting events were held in most of the Olympic Games and the sport first appeared in 1896 and there were also events in 1900, but did not take place during the sessions of 1904 and 1928.

Program differed somewhat, as in other sports (except sailing, yachts). And in 1908, 1912.1920 and 1924 there were dozens of events shooting including competitions multiple teams and so it was possible for archers win medals many Olympics and after a pause in 1928, she returned the sport to the Olympic Games in 1932 Bfalten only - one of the pistols and other guns. The program has become relatively common since World War II.

 

First allowed women to compete in Olympic shooting in 1968 and in that year made ​​all of Mexico, Peru, Poland and one contestant. In 1984 the International Shooting Union enter or what is now the International Federation of Sport Shooting Activities feminist separately. And between the 1984 and 1992 events, the number of women gradually. In addition, several events have remained in the program is open to any mixed both sexes. And as of 1996 at the Atlanta, was the complete separation program in archery, where the activities of men are separate from those of women.

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Definition of equestrian ...

The concept of the equestrian

Meaning associated with the equestrian in all the languages ​​of the world the courage and magnanimity and self-confidence, and the equestrian sport known as the ability to ride and tame the horse and control his movements, and harmony with him in a consistent unit of the movements. Closely reflect the equestrian chic combines human and horses, one of the most enjoyable sports to raises in the breath of passion. And is the sport of horse riding activities were practiced out of date. And highlights the skills of the sport at a young Muslim patience and speed of movement and strength.

Types of race

There are various equestrian sport of racing, which is as follows:

1. Housebreaking race:

Is a certain movements of the horse trained by Knight to be evaluated before the jury of the contest. The outcome will depend on the performance of the horse for these movements to the fullest.

2. Running race:

Race involves a large number of knights, crowned the winner of passing the required distance in record time.

3. Ability and endurance race:

Is similar to running a race, but differs from it in multiple stages, as it is detected on the horse at every stage by specialized doctors to measure the heartbeat, if the pulses exceeded the rate agreed upon knight are eliminated from the race. Therefore, the knight must walk a certain commitment steps so that he can overcome all the stages through which the race successfully.

4. Show Jumping:

Is best represented by equestrian sport to the public, no doubt that the popularity of sport barriers lies in the ease of understanding of how to calculate the points, there is nothing easier on us to follow the rider and the horse and the two ran, and we note which overthrew the minimum number of checkpoints in the shortest time! The development of a column or accidental iron flat on the ground a simple barrier, and usually begin their working lives junior riders to cross the viewer simple, while the horse needs to at least two years to reach the stage of passing the simple to the viewer in the show jumping courses of average size. On the other hand, the horse needs to be an additional two years to be able to jump higher barriers in the competitions of Grand Prix, on the assumption that the horse in preparation for the inherently high jumping.

Levels of Show Jumping

Jumping competitions are subject to three levels, namely:

1. Competitions Time:

Evaluate and determine the winner by the time it made ​​the round excellence that after drawing at Knights enter in the total errors.

2. Competitions errors:

Like competition in terms of time to engage in round excellence and determine the winner through time, but vary in terms of total errors.

3. Contests:

These competitions are held by private parties determine the Knights of participants and costs required and prizes. Required to carry out such competitions in the times of which does not regulate the Equestrian Federation competitions.

Ages

And the child can practice the sport at an early age, can enroll in training from the age of four years, during this stage coach can communicate with the child and teach him the appropriate method for his encouragement, knowing that the Knights jump are at the peak of their performance between the ninth and fifth years of age.

Characteristics of positive

Equestrian sport and help to:

• a large space occupancy of their leisure time.

• proficiency in specific skills.

• benefit from the move and exercise the muscles of the body.

• encourage them to learn patience in situations.

• stimulate their minds and the development of innovation and creativity they have.

• Developing leadership qualities in their personalities.

• instill a love of cooperation and participation in them.

• provoke positive emotions about animals in general.

• develop their ideas and aspirations constantly through competitions.

Health benefits

And the sport a positive role in the development of the health of our children properly, as it works to:

• For the body to the ample amount of oxygen, the active breathing and circulation.

• increase attention and improve the ability to control body movements and maintain balance. Activate the nervous system.

• the treatment of many chronic diseases.

• The vibration movements of the permanent pressure between the liver and visceral abdominal muscles strain to Lina sequential movement in a gentle massage that leads to activation biliary secretion and liver function and improves blood circulation in this part of the body.

The relationship between the rider and horse:

It is known that there is a special relationship between Knight and woven into the horse, based on the qualities of humanity. While some training may be by coach, but the majority appear with practice and gain experience in dealing with the horse, the knight can understand all the difficult emotional stages between him and the horse to be able to lead any horse no matter how experienced difficulty in dealing with him. Knight and gets used to provide special gifts for the horse as spare chips or sugar islands to make him feel the success achieved by either during training or after any contest. This special bonus horse happy and motivated to meet all orders.

Important points

The equestrian sport devoid of negatives, is seeking parents to send their children to learn and acquire skills, taking into account some important points, in the following form:

• avoid the risk when performing the exercises.

• listen to the instructions of a good coach.

• timeliness of training.

• ensure the wearing of clothing in this sport.

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Definition of the sport of taekwondo

Meaning of the word Taekwondo:

Word (T-Kuan Du) is the Korean word consists of three sections:

· The first section (T) means the closed fist:

· The second section (Kwan), which refers to the foot of this section and enter the labels in games other self-defense and it reflects the skill and the use of foot that is characteristic of Taekwondo from the other.

· The third section (DU) and its meaning in the way they enter the labels and other games Kjawdo Aikido and Kindu and other

The concept of Taekwondo:

Based on the above, the literal translation of this word is: the way the foot and fist, and as is clear, the literal translation does not mean much either translation intended for this word, as termed mathematically it means the method of payment of kicks and punches, or we can say as well as greater clarity and comprehensiveness to mean the art of self-defense using the foot and fist.

Style and method of Taekwondo:

The sport derives most of its characteristics from the school in the Korean fighting, and these qualities can be summarized in the following characteristics:

· School based on the Korean situation to move the fastest in the steps, so the light The steps on the ground and not fixed.

· Also, this school does not rely on weapons directly, we find taekwondo does not use any weapon.

· It is well known for Korean school it depends on a lot where the spins are characteristic of it.

· Use taekwondo foot to attack more than the hand and this is what distinguishes it from others because the foot is much stronger than the hand when the payment of punches to the opponent.

· With the hand that used to repel the frequent strikes opponent in many strikes is also important.

Divisions of Taekwondo

Like all games of self-defense it contains many of the skills, arts and other things make the game stand out from other games of competition, taekwondo, and is divided into five sections are important:

First, the basic skills or the basics of Taekwondo

Second, groups fighting placebo, or Albomzac

Third, competitive games, or fighting in the games

Fourth: Street Fighter

Fifth: taekwondo Review

History and the emergence of Taekwondo

Appeared taekwondo in Korea and has been known for more than 2000 years has created and developed by parents as a means of self-defense because of the many civil wars and the difficulty of life amid predators, forcing humans Korean to think of a way to defend itself against invaders and against the animals began to teach them methods of defense and pounce Fast.

Due to the failure of weapons and inadequate take rights to strengthen his hands and feet to be used in the fighting without a weapon Hence, the method of self-defense was called (Altaikon) is the old name of Taekwondo also showed other ways of self-defense such as Aotko - Tuszmnj - TechMission - Mahan - Kamali. . And all methods of defense relies on the use of hands and legs and strengthen self-defense ..

Some individuals believe that Taekwondo originated and grew up through the sport kung fu based on allegations of Chinese and Chinese documents are incorrect .. I grew up sport kung fu in China in 520 AD by the Buddha (Dharma Satt) Indian who traveled to China and spent 9 years of teaching martial arts in China .. . As the archaeologists discovered the paintings on the walls of ancient stone graves. Special strain of the ruling dating back to the year 37 BC. M. This is the biggest proof that taekwondo is older than any other sport for self-defense.

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Definition of gymnastics

Gymnastics is the Arabic translation of the word "Jamenastics" (Gymnastics), derived from the word "Jamenoz" from ancient Greek, meaning "naked art".


Sport is the performance of chains include movements in the different devices in each device a different kinetic chain. Between gymnastics combines strength, flexibility, and speed, and dexterity. Artistic gymnastics competitions for men consists of 6 devices is the carpet ground, pommel horse, throat, horse jumping and now called the jump table, a horizontal bar and parallel universe in the field of artistic gymnastics, and the contests are in the areas of women's artistic gymnastics and rhythmic. There are 6 types of gymnastics are supported by the International Federation of Gymnastics are:


Artistic gymnastics males and females
Rhythmic gymnastics girl-only
Gymnastics year males and females
Aerobic Gymnastics males and females
Hmpaz Alacrobatic males and females
Gymnastics Trampoline males and females

History of the game

Gymnastics dates back to four thousand years ago, mentions some historians that he is inspired by the tumblers in ancient Egypt, who were jumping and Athqlpon and their movements need to be large fitness, has shown some drawings and inscriptions on the walls of the pyramids and tombs discovered it. He has practiced with the men's and women's sports Greeks of all kinds, including gymnastics, which became part of the Olympic toys.

Artistic gymnastics males and females:

Artistic gymnastics (in English: Artistic gymnastics), there are six types of gymnastics, which is overseen by the International Federation of Gymnastics are:

Gymnastics Artistic: Artistic gymnastics

Rhythmic Gymnastics: Rhythmic gymnastics

Gymnastics Alacrobeteki: Acrobatic gymnastics

Gymnastics Aleiropk: Aerobic gymnastics

General Gymnastics: General gymnastics

Trampoline Gymnastics: Trampoline gymnastics

All these types practiced by both sexes male and female except the gymnastics rhythmic as practiced by females only, and more type practiced in the Arab region and in which they have by an official in the competition, Arabic, continental and international studies in schools and universities is the artistic gymnastics for boys and girls where there are six organs of males and four devices for Girls and in the following form:

Contents

1 male organs:

2 female organs:

3 similarities:

4 differences:

5 Guide to the artistic gymnastics for boys

6 ground movements:

7 horse knobs:

8 throat:

9 platform jump:

10 parallel:

11 horizontal bar:

12 See also

13 sources

Male organs:

Ground movements: Floor Exercises

Horse knobs: Pommel Horse

Throat: Rings

Platform jump: Vault Table

Parallel: Parallel Bars

Horizontal bar: Bar Horizontal

Female devices:

Platform jump: Vault Table

Different parallel rise: Uneven Bars

Balance beam: Balance Beam

Ground movements: Floor Exercises

This is the hierarchy of the law under which transmission of the teams and players and players from one device to another device, and here I try to give an idea of ​​the similarities between the artistic gymnastics and female artistic gymnastics for females:

Similarities:

Both sexes are Jmlhm kinetic of 20 degrees

Both sexes share the same tournaments that are:

Qualifying tournament

Singles championship year

Championship final devices

Championship final difference

3. Maximum Maijmah both sexes on the device per 80 degrees according to the law of the new international

4. Both sexes have the equipment movements carpet floor and vaulting

5. Both sexes the number of the team is composed of 6/5/4 player any team involved six players are competing for five players and the best four scores are taken to extract the degree of the team on the device per

The differences:

The number of hardware devices 6 male and female 4 devices

There are no knobs and hardware horse throat and the parallel and horizontal bar when there are no female organs balance beam and the parallel rise is different in males

Maximum Maijmah male player of the year in the championship singles 120 degrees and a maximum Matjmah female player of 80 degrees

Maximum Maijmah male team in the tournament difference 480 degrees and maximum Maijmah team score of 320 female

High jump platform 135 cm in males and in females 125 cm

Time performance in ground movements in males up to 70 seconds and in females up to 90 seconds and male Atsahb music while their movements accompany movements of female music

This is briefly the similarities and differences between artistic gymnastics for females and males As for the rhythmic gymnastics is practiced by only female organs are:

Ball, ribbon, pillar, ring, rope

Horse Knobs:

Player on a horse Lhalqahassan handles, height 115 cm and the two handles that rise from the surface of the horse 12 cm connected to the body of the horse and the distance between them from 40 to 45 cm and must be the performance of wholesale mobility to all parts of the horse including weights the two circular package, open and movements item and why the scissors and the movements of standing on the hands and should be sentence that ends the movement of motor decline

Throat

Throat, consists of two circular hanging wires associated with the structure of the device from the top height of the total 575 cm and after the episodes from the ground 275 cm and any inter kinetics on the throat is made up of movements likely and the movements of the strength and stability equally about these movements and the movements linking lead development of attachment to the post position or transit or to the standing position on the hands or by the traffic and performance is to extend the arms, which should be the predominant route. Exercises and contemporary gymnastics diagnosed by moving between the weighted and the power movements or vice versa is not allowed Bmrgehh wire

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Definition of sport ... Running ..

Running 

Is a normal physical effort or skill exercised under the rules agreed to entertainment, competition, fun, excellence, or the development of skills, and different goals, or its exclusivity distinguishes sports in addition to add players or teams from the impact of the sporting activities.

Growing Up

Show some effects, such as the Olympic Stadium in Greece, that many sports have been practiced since ancient times (prehistoric), and this confirms that sport and found with human existence. And has inspired many of the sports of the many activities undertaken by the primitive man, such as chasing prey for a living has inspired them jog, shooting, jumping to overcome the natural disaster has inspired him to sport jumping, swimming in the sea, and fishing and has inspired them sport swimming, horse use to navigate and master the many equestrian sport which has been inspired by race

Jogging:

Running is a kind of sport that move the muscles and makes them in constant motion, which lead to the strengthening and maturity. Streaming is important in all cases and for all ages from young to adult and elderly. Running is also important to move the blood circulation, Valjra is one of the reasons that prevent and mitigate cardiovascular diseases. 

Running as a sport known for hundreds of years ago where they used in several areas:

• For the body of an integrated and coordinated.

• to strengthen muscles and increase muscle mass. . .

• Increase bone density and strengthened.

• to reduce the likelihood of heart disease and disease of the arteries.

• To move the blood circulation.

• Running as a sport routinely slow down and reflect the effects and symptoms of aging.

Also known for running the most important contests and the marathon and others. Where turning to the language of sports streaming Atdt shared by most of the world

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Definition of boxing

Definition of boxing

Boxing:

Art is noble as some like to call it, is the art of defense and attack with fists. The old man knew the sport when she was a hands and his only means to defend himself against wild animals, and the oldest historical sources indicate that the ancient Egyptians had ever known since 400 years BC It is one of the fitness training for the preparation of the fighters. There were also historical references, stating that the sport was known to the inhabitants of ancient Mesopotamia where it was found near Baghdad on a board depicting two men wrestling and Atlackman dating back to the (1750) years before the birth.

She was also known in Rome since the year (900) BC as it was some of their kings live boxing matches to satisfy his desire for blood and death and often end the game with the death of a Almtlaquemen, and when occupied the Roman Greece, entered the game in the Ancient Olympic Games which were held in Athens , until the abolition of these games, Vohml people this game until the year (1200), when the St. Bernard in Italy, laying the foundation sport, moral and humanitarian for the game, which has encouraged many countries to the attention he established James Ming institute special training between the years ( 1719 1730) m in England, also developed (Jack Broughton) in (1743) m a law limiting the power of boxing, which led to the prosperity of this game and the deployment and in the year (1865) m put Marquis Of Queensbury Marquis of Qneensberry rules and standards followed in this game .

The games usually take place on an episode of boxing along each side ranges between 16 feet and 20 feet high from the ground at a rate of 91 cm and 122 cm, surrounded by lines of chords parallel format. And covered the floor material rubber or any flexible material not thinner than 1.5 cm and not more than 1.9 cm and are boxing in several rounds for every one of them three minutes between each round and the other minute break was up the number of rounds for professionals to 15 round When can a Almtlaquemen of dropping his opponent by knockout, it is the winner of the match can also win the dotted that for referee ruled through two further and usually take place match between Mtlaquemen equal weight and age to achieve justice and equality has come to be regarded as weights following in boxing:

Light weight fly no more than 48 kg flyweight of 4851 kg bantamweight of 5154 kg of 54 featherweight 57 kg light-weight of 5760 kg light welterweight 60 kg welterweight 63.5 of 63 0.5 67 kg lightweight average of 6771 kg of average weight of 7175 kg light heavyweight from 7581 kg heavy weight of 8191 kg Super Heavyweight over 91 kg

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The definition of American football

History of the tournament

The story of the game of football in the American nineteenth century, specifically in the State of England. When he was one of the players playing football with his colleagues was frustrated because of the laws of football you can not use your hand to play. In one day he kicks the ball with his hand and was taken out and rip off more than one player from Azemlaúh until he reached the end of the stadium, and then earned the admiration of his friends. From here started the game, named Balrkpa, and spread widely in the State of England .. Then became the sport spread largely in the world and formed a huge success globally.

In the middle of the nineteenth century and found this game on its way to the United States of America, admired a lot in this game and become traded on the North East universities, particularly at the University of Harvard and Yale universities in the Masachsets .. In 1876 Harvard met at Yale University in the state of the U.S. Masachsets in North America east of the draft rules and studying the laws of this game .. In the beginning, and the differences encountered and faced problems, but they admitted in their last meeting: - it is changing the design of the ball .. Vtm change from round ball to oval ball .. And also changed the name of the game of rugby to Paul Foote (Football) and was under the Football Association between colleges .. (IFA) .. It symbolizes the (Intercollegiate Football Association).

The rugby is still its name when people rugby but mainly U.S. official has been changed .. It was very different from the rugby currently known .. In late 1880, he persuaded the University of player, "Yale" (Yale) to change the rules of the game to the similarity of the current laws .. So doing, became a player "nights" and the Walter Camp (Walter Camp) by historians the father of this modern game ..

(The father of modern football) ..

At the beginning of the twentieth century began to appear professional teams .. While universities and sports took place under the organization of the sports universities, called the newly (National Association of Sports University) .. It is this organization taking the leading professional teams game systems of the organization's directives .. In 1920 there were more than 10 professional teams across the United States of America .. Organizers decided to Aakad of professional teams meeting for the development of the game and discuss the event and also to form the Union of Professional Football .. Vtm the meeting in Ohio city of Canton (Canton, Ohio) .. And actually formed the Union of Professional Football, which was called (APFA) and symbolizes the American Football Association for Professionals (American Professional Football Association) .. Which was called later to (NFL) (National Federation of Football) .. This organization has changed in the rules of the game a lot I started this game on its way towards excellence in America through the gate of the (NFL).

Emergence and spread in America

After the emergence of the new organization of American football (NFL) football has become the U.S. is making significant progress in its popularity among the population .. And its popularity took off when the back of the player Harold (Red) Grange in Chicago and stunned everyone uniqueness in the big games against Los Angeles (Tigers) and against New York (Giants) .. Tugging this player a lot of people to this game and uniqueness Hzawra log record in the stands .. Bringing everyone enjoys to see this player .. And then the back of many of the stars and the giants of this game .. In the system of the game ... Founded the (NFL) system which is assembled to split the difference and the winner of the first group corresponds to the winner of the second set on the final (NFL) .. The first tournament under the name of the (NFL) in 1933.

The Organization (NFL) of the most powerful, or that you will bring the best players to teams based loan and the like .. But the emergence of multi-millionaire Lamar Hunt (Lamar Hunt), who was head of the Organization of American Football League (AFL) which is the (American Football League) .. Which came in the work of strong to bring professionals to the Premier headed and actually having monopolized the contracts for television and bring the best players Universities League, which formed the strength of rivalry against the (NFL) and caused this organization to the deterioration of the level of championship (NFL) is fantastic and terrible.

After a meeting between the workers in the organization (NFL) agreed to hold a major meeting with the Organization (AFL) and the resolution of the problem that came upon them .. In 1966, in another historic moment in the history of American football .. Represented by officials in the organization (NFL) and also officials of the Organization (AFL) .. The agreement to merge tournaments but stay under the name of (NFL) "National Federation of Football" .. And started the first official tournament in 1970 and held conferences .. The Conference (NFL) and the Conference of the (AFL) and went out to: - the winner of the championship (NFL) corresponds to the winner of the championship (AFL) and the name of the Super Cup .. (Super Bowl) ..

American football now

The American football (American Football) One of the biggest sports in America recorded a remarkable development .. Sports became the first in America .. University students became involved in their university teams to play the name of the university .. And the presence of television, which significantly impact on the people so as to make the ball close to the U.S. television Vtm transfer games alive and on the air .. Showing matches and became profitable gain for TV .. In the early nineties he became everyone's attention in this sport is very large .. And introduced into the organization in its treasury Albulaaaan of dollars, which increased the shares of the players a lot .. In the nineties the organization Bdrast rules of American football propagated some changes in the system of ball-point increase and delete some laws and some of them and continued to increase the same to this day .. Paul gradient to become the first U.S. sports in America.

Pitch

The length of a football field 100 yards of America and inform him of his 160 feet and the middle of the pitch 50 yards .. There are lines of color white teacher in every 10 yards .. Each deduction has its center of any of the 40-yard and tries to protect him from approaching the other opponent to the middle of home.

Zero-yard line called the goal line .. And of course the lines are called side lines to seek .. Players trying to take the ball to the end of the opponent's goal line to record the "target" for the benefit of the so-called (Touch Down) .. There after the end of each range of the two teams, "and as I mentioned earlier against the two teams is the line that protects players from entering the debit to him," and again there after the end of each throw both teams two columns (Ardtin) in the form of the letter Alankulaiza "H" mission of these columns is when you ask one of the two kicked the ball from distance .. The player must be inserted between these columns .. Recorded his target if set "and I will explain the method according to the targets later," and that does not count missed him something and start the ball with the other team.

Kick-off

At the beginning of the game is a draw for coin as it is in the sport of football (Soccer) and the team winning the Kick-off becomes the attacker and the defender becomes the other team .. The time the game is supposed to be the sense of one hour each way to four-stroke 15 minutes .. But because of the interruptions that get in the game might take the game to 3 hours .. There is a time that is called "half-time in the world of football," Alsukr "and half-time in the system of gradient Paul U.S. is still the second half and a 20 minutes .. After the break playing for 20 minutes because the players to the pitch, but does not continue from the point stopped them but go the ball to the loser in the draw for the beginning and start playing attacking .. On the other hand at the end of the first half and the third game on the players transfer aspects only ..

When a team record "Touch Down" (the goal), or stroke at the beginning of what .. The defense team put the ball on the 35-yard kick to the attacking team, and here begins the kick-off .. Attacking team tries to catch the ball and go to the opponent's goal as rapidly as possible .. If the holder of the ball saw the "attacker" that he can not overcome the opponent are asked to "fair touch" n this application is not entitled to the defenders Ahajmoh no right to run ball striker .. Are regarded as the ball position on the place and start playing from him .. But if the ball went out of the scope of the stadium and crossed the line of contact, or obtained by the player off the pitch Amcunninh not running the ball and are playing from the beginning of the 20-yard line ..

Players

Each team has 11 players .. Striker for the team are: -

Four in the line of attack .. With support from two of the right wing .. There are behind them, "the player back" and is called "quarter back" and this is called soccer in the term "Soccer" behind the strikers .. Behind this player exists two try to help him and there are two Alazarh background .. One in the left back and the other Ayman ..

But the defending team is to: -

4 defenders, in the foreground the presence of an "axis" behind and next to the wing axis right and left and behind them Alazarh "left back and right" and located behind the heart of all guns from the right and left there for the player is free to help ..

Here is this picture showing the two teams and took their positions .. Note that it may vary from one coach to another, but the majority of these plans ..

Before the match started players will meet the attackers to take the way you play the player "quarter back" which is always the team leader .. This way the game takes the player from the coach or official, by Alradioa .. This is news how all the players began to plan.

How to Play

All players are doing a line of attack, they put their hands on the ground, but the player who resides in the middle of the team .. He put his hand on the ball and then stand behind him the player back, which is called "quarter back" and is giving some signs and some "hints" to the beginning of a plan drawn up by them .. After giving the signal that the player in the middle to give the ball back to the player "quarter back" and the play begins ..

At the time when "the player back" by giving the signals and signs him 25 seconds to play in order that he can not stop only in case of a request, "Time Out" time out ..

When it is back to give the player the ball by a player is up to the middle and slightly behind the patient for some seconds to see one of his players, opening him .. This sheds hatred for that person who opened to him .. In the case of the player throwing the ball back .. The player must hold the future that the ball and then going to the end or goal that the catch and the ball falls to the ground and Ihtznha ..

In the case of a player on the ball and keep them and then fell to the ground game is changed to the site, which occurred when the player and the complete play of his point .. As in the case also for this player on the ball and then on to the end of the goal and scored a goal .. Calculated his points "Touch Down" or in the case of blocking is still a conservative on the completion of the ball are playing from where you signed it ..

And defenders "Alazarh" Running with the ball receivers "man to man" and trying to take the ball before them, or when Imeskunha being missed .. Does not prejudice the right of defenders to the ball to one of my future it will be considered foul .. They either take the ball before them or after they have missed out the ball Bhozat one of them .. But in the case of throwing the ball has not been picked up by the future are called incomplete pass and be re-play again from the same place the previous .. In the case of throwing the ball for the future and during the shooting have been picked up by the defenders are playing and begin to change the team that was defending the attack .. Called the "interception" and the group is capable of taking the ball guns before they reach for the future, and running against the opponent's goal and registration.

And also in the case of giving the ball back to the player, they can give it to one of his aides who are behind or next to it .. This player is the process of penetration migraine than half of the pitch to cut the part of the stadium .. The player can also back to being his own ball to the opponent's goal and recording a goal ...

Time

May stop the clock in many cases Among these cases .. When the initiative to send the player back Korh wrong, "not completed" .. When one of the players off the pitch Bakherouh to "seek" .. Time Kalsagth hiccups stop at the first and the second <--- Return to the laws of hiccups in the top ..

Each team has 3 times used in the "Time Out" timeout .. Can stop the play three times in one run .. And for a few minutes .. Almost two minutes or three minutes ..

Sanctions

Performs the punishment of those responsible for the match (referees) and the decision is up to the official referee .. News are the players that there is something wrong .. Throw a piece of yellow cloth by the referee and this means that there is an error in the game ..

Of sanctions: -

- That is one of the players or Madafiet attackers to bypass the line before it is started to throw the game back to the player .. This is calculated for 5 yards to the left .. Either me or the attacking team

- Delaying the game .. And destination that the team striker delayed in sending the ball to me more than 25 seconds and this carries back to back 5 yards.

- The player's rear "quarter back" by throwing the ball at any place because he was about to fall back This is punishable by 5 yards back.

- Infiltration is one of the defenders team encroachment line and access to the striker before the start of the ball and could not return .. This punishment back 5 yards behind the

- Use one of the attackers with his hands covered .. These carry for 10 yards behind ..

- Keep the player from the back hand "musk or tensile" This is the risk to the player and cause possible injury to him .. Foukptha Go back 10 yards ..

- When the player throwing the ball back for the future .. Who shall Ballmas one of the defenders to him before you get to the ball This is punishable by the progress of the team's 15 yard and even if did not complete the 10 yards ..

- The attack on the player carrying the ball and he does not .. This is punishable by 15 CAR ..

- Grab the player's helmet "helmet" This sentence .. If the screaming 15 yards and 5 yards bidder.

- Non-sporting behavior his sentence 15 yards

- In the event of two teams on the wrong ball is returned to the middle of the pitch and play completed for the benefit of the team winning with.

- The maximum penalty is back to the middle of the pitch ..

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Definition of football

What football?

Is a team game where two teams compete on a rectangular court, each consisting of a ten player, a tool the basic game is a special ball teams struggling to control it seeking to score in the opponent's goal to win the game. And football is the most popular games in the world.

History

Web site lists the International Federation of Football that the recent history of football started in England in 1863 with the establishment of the FA of the game, which grew out of rugby, has the text of the Union soon after its inception, uniform laws of the game after the unions sub-zonal other established turn special laws.

But of course the birth of the game Englishman did not come from a vacuum, many peoples of the country by the inhabitants of fog known as various forms of football, these games go beyond the twelve game, including, but not limited to Kojo defined by the Chinese and Kimara practiced by the Japanese.

As previously noted, the basis of existing laws or the essence back to the nineteenth century, even before the emergence of the FA, in 1848, was passed new laws, known as the Cambridge Rules, and the fruit of lengthy meetings between representatives of several schools.

Then after another different laws including the Law on the Sheffield Club 1957 and the law that created by John Treng before 1862 to unite the laws with the birth of the Union 1863, but adhering to the new standard has not been universal for a long time.

I took the laws evolve slowly Vtadl offside law, for example the year 1866 and now must have three players defenders to calculate the legal game, and in 1882, founded the International Federation of Association Football, associations between Manchester and Scotland, Ireland and Wales. In 1891, the penalty has been found

The International Federation of Football "FIFA" relocated on 21 May / May 1904, in the presence of France, Belgium, Denmark, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland. In 1913 became the "Viva," a member of the International Federation of Association Football, and this association determines the law of the game and its amendments.

These include the association as well as the FIFA, which has four votes in, the FA Cup, Scottish FA Cup, the Welsh Federation of Football Association of Ireland football, and all the union of the British associations have one vote. When voting on any new law must be given the project of six votes to become effective any of the "Viva" and two other two votes.

About the Olympic

Recorded football Olympic debut in the Paris session 1900 but as a demonstration sport and remained so at the San Luis 1904, then became a contest official gives the winners of the medals from the Olympics 1908 and since then, he has lost only in the cycle of 1932 in the United States.

The reason for deleting the game from the cycle of 1932 in Los Angeles of the Federation Internationale de Football Association, which was launched a year's World Cup 1930 in Uruguay was no tournament again kidnap the lights of the new contest is deleted the game but the reason the official who announced at the time that is not a popular game in the United States. But that did not last the game and returned the year 1936.

The first sessions were limited to men only saw the review including the participation of three teams in each game, but the first official presence 1908 saw the competition between the six teams. The women's Olympic Fattarichhen The recent return to the cycle of Atlanta 1996.

And before the session of 1984 in Los Angeles wants Olympic Committee, the development of football Olympic re professionals who were banned to preserve the value of the World Cup, but the "Viva" did not welcome thing Fuld solution spent to allow teams of Asia, Africa and Oceania participating teams first, while the share of Europe and the countries of Union of the "Kunmpol" emerging teams and so it was.

Astsag everyone the idea of ​​participation of young people and it was decided from the Barcelona Games 1992 to be a session of the teams under the age of 23 years and this is still to this day, while allowing for three players over that age to participate, this includes the law of men only, as no restriction on competition the ladies.

Hungary leads the men of the nations most Ahraza went with three gold medals, silver and bronze like Britain, but without the silver and bronze and gold medals of the Soviet Union and three bronze medals and Uruguay, while the rest of the winning teams did not make the competition more than once. It should be noted that Brazil has so far failed to win an Olympic gold medal though it fought Nhaúaa 84 and 88 and lost to France and the Soviet Union respectively.

Pitch

- Length of the court in international games 100-110 meters and width of 64-75 meters

- The length of the goal between the existing 7.32 meter high above the ground bar 2,44 m.

- The center of the pitch circle radius 9.15 m.

- The goal area to be 5,5 m width and length of 18.32 meters.

- Length of the penalty area to be 40.32 meters and a width 16.5 meters.

- Point penalty kick away from goal line to 11 meters.

- Angle corner Throw a beam of 1 m.

Arbitration

- Each team consists of 11 key players, including goalkeeper, and a number of replacements is different depending on the system every tournament.

- Manages the game three referees on the pitch, two of the lines, and the referee, in addition to the fourth referee off the pitch.

- Duration of the match 90 minutes, divided into two games each 45 minutes with an interval of rest 15 minutes.

- In games that require the knockout, extend the time periods of 30 minutes (15 +15), the original time when you are finished in a draw.

- If a tie remains after resort to an extension penalty shootout 5 for each team in the first stage and then kick one if a tie until one team misses and the other records.

- Each team of three substitutions at the latest.

- Goalkeeper becomes normal if a player comes out of the box.

- The ball is not considered a target only if the entire circumference crossed the goal line.

- Free kicks in the direct or indirect competitor must stay away from the ball 9.15 m.

- If the player received two yellow cards in the same game Cefrawin expelled from the meeting and prevented replaced. May receive a straight red card according to the situation that occurred.

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A comprehensive overview of all basketball

Definition of the game

Football is a game taking place between two teams, each team is seeking to enter the ball in the basket for a high pitch. On each side of the stadium for the team running basket team members to enter the ball in the basket for the registration point of excellence.

Is one of the most popular sports in the world after soccer. Ladies and men can exercise under the same laws and rules the same skill.

Its inception and places of deployment

Known ancient civilizations, like basketball games. In the seventh century BC knew the game (Bocta Facebook) when Maya (Maya), and known to the people Alozatakih as (Chlashle), and basketball as we know it today has got to Professor Canada during the academic year from 1891 to 1982 and his name is James Nay Smith (James Nai Smith) Professor of Physical Education at the School of Springfield (Springfield) in the state of Massachusetts, U.S., has called for the exercise within the hall closed, believing that by which maintains the fitness of his students physical during the winter, especially after the stop of the game of football in the cold days and frost, and as an alternative to exercise the Swedish and German which were not compatible with their nature that tend to power, speed and competition, does not satisfy their desire to movement and activity, and self-expression.


After several experiments carried out by Professor Nye Smith put the ball game traded only between hands instead of feet, blew the first experiment, whose purpose was to put the ball in the basket of peaches became known as the game of basketball. Smith wanted the game free of roughness and violence present in American football, to prevent running the ball so as not to attack the players bearer violent attack to get them.


It was considered that the mere touching the player is wrong and contrary to the spirit of the game. Stressed in the game running, passing and shooting without touching the opponent, or violently attacked. The basket was at first a peach basket blocked the bottom. Puts the government into a ladder near the basket so that the output of the ball when it snaps into the goal. Removed the bottom then relieved the judgment of the ups and downs to take out the ball at every goal scored.


The game won the admiration and love by students of Dr. Smith, and worked to publish in their towns and villages during the New Year holiday, Vamtdt gradually to colleges, institutes and schools by U.S. laws that are placed in full


After that, Dr. Smith was forced to put the rules (13) essential for the game, which inspired them then the current regulations for basketball, as the material of which 12 remained in the new law. Then adopted the YMCA of the game in the United States, and in other countries that were the branches of the Association.


Then entered the field of professionalism, then passes through several stages which have evolved, and made to be taken and their current form.

Number of players

* He was initially nine players per team. Three of the attack and three for Central and three for the defense, but the number of runs, three match the duration of each run 20 minutes and then edit, bringing four runs, each lasting 10 minutes, as well as recently amended, making the game from two games each for a period of 20 minutes.

At the Olympic Games that took place in 1904 in St. Louis in the United States, so she made a special presentation the American teams in basketball during this session in order to convince the countries of the world recognize it, got it during the session.

In 1906 formed a committee to develop new rules of the game, setting a new law is composed of 22 articles instead of the 13 articles in the law developed by Dr. Smith.

During the First World War, March, U.S. soldiers the game of basketball in places that have settled out and that was a new factor, and effective in the process of the game spread around the world.

He remained in the game there are differences between the mandate and the mandate, in 1915, a uniform law for the game, if brought together a panel of representatives from all colleges and schools, and put the new, unified law.

Was the first championship game of the university in Turin, Italy in 1933. Where he met with delegates of the bodies involved in this tournament in the city of Lausanne in Switzerland, and they decided together to form an international body working to unify the laws of the game, and is seeking to enter the program of the Olympic Games, appeared the first international federation of basketball on 7 October 1933.

In the course of the 1936 Olympic Games included basketball in the Olympic program for the first time. The matches took place in the presence of Dr. Smith, the founder of the game, and see the success. After the end of that session was introduced many amendments to the regulations of the game, including: dividing the pitch into two parts and base ten seconds, and others.

Months, but countries that practice this game and deserves its teams championships titles are: the United States and the Soviet Union, Italy, and Yugoslavia, and the Philippines, Brazil, Cuba, Canada A, and Spain.

Pitch

Held off on a flat-Earth rectangular range between the length (24-28 m) and width of the (13-15) meters. Called Aldilaan Tuilin of the stadium name: Ganbean limits and Aldilaan Algosairan Balhaddan end. No barriers in the playground and does not allow the use of grass-covered pitches.

Determine the pitch lines are clear and usually have a thickness of 5 cm. Should be the distance between the selected lines of the stadium and places of spectators about two meters at least.

Draw a circle in the center of the pitch at half diameter of 185 cm and the radius is measured from the center of the circle to the outer limit of its surroundings.

The free-throw line it draws in parallel for each of the end-limits as far away its edge distance 580 cm from the inner edge to reduce the final, and have a length of 360 cm, located in the middle point on the line connecting the two extremes midwayers the final of the stadium.

Forbidden Zone

Is the space of a specific pitch, located between the final reduction of the stadium and the free throw line between two lines start from each point away from the middle of the final limit of both sides by three meters measured from the edge of this line of Foreign Affairs, and ends at the free throw area. A forbidden area in addition to an extended area of ​​semi-circle inside the stadium, its the middle of the free throw line, and with a radius of 180 cm and draw the second half of this circle arc spotty inside the exclusion zone. Determine these distances in the law of the game

Objectives

Manufactured to Ouhta goal of solid wood, or any suitable transparent material and is 3 cm thick, and its dimensions are 180 cm, 120 cm horizontally, vertically. Be a smooth surface, and color white. Draw a rectangle behind the loop length of 59 cm horizontally, and width 45 cm vertically, and the thickness of the ribs 5 cm. It identifies the four parties to the painting or frame borders 5 cm thick.

Site goals

Paintings are placed at a distance of 120 cm from the end-binomial and parallel to each other. In the plane perpendicular to the pitch. Quilts above the bottom of each panel 275 cm for the pitch, and the columns that bear paintings are outside the stadium, about a point that they relate to land near the limit of the final amount of at least 40 cm and painted a dark color.

Basketball

It is a network made ​​of white rope to prove in a metal orange inner diameter 40 cm, length 60 cm, are made so as to make the passage through which the ball easy. Diameter with a thickness that makes it the 20 mm, and the lower rings Bhafeth be to install a small network. Is installed ring rail on the motherboard fixation solid, and placed in a horizontal plane rises above the pitch amount of 305 cm, and the two dimensions equal of edges Alamodetyn the plate, and that the distance between the surface of the painting and the nearest point of the inner edge of the ring rail 15 cm.

The ball

Must be a full rotation, made ​​of leather, or rubber, or any article of the durability of rubber, including rubber ranges between around 75 to 80 cm and weighs between 600-650 grams. Is inflated ball so that if thrown from the height of 180 cm on the land of wooden solid, they bounce to a height not less than 120 cm measured from the top of the ball, so if you have touched the ball land at the lower parts of the sensitivity of not more than 140 cm if you have touched the ground at the largest parts of the sensitivity.

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The definition of swimming: Learn all about it

Swimming - history, and what

Before the swimming pool, which found the existence of life, the mushroom is a lot of creatures on the float, and was able to swim since the human found on the banks of rivers, lakes and seas, and I have practiced swimming in March and then the human necessity defensive or offensive in addressing the threats to it. Therefore Valsbahh old as history itself, practiced ancient pharaohs, evidenced by the Pharaonic monuments in the Louvre Museum in Paris, which represents some of the ancient Egyptians who are swimming in the River Nile, and show the epic Iliad of Homer that the Greeks knew swimming and used them in their battles of war, and in the community Alasparti , was swimming a compulsory subject taught to every child and the common adjective foolish man for the man who does not know how to read and swim, while the Romans They were trained armies to cross the river with full military equipment pool and I have practiced (Okroben) and the mother of Roman Emperor (Nero) swimming for forty years for several miles a day.


The Charlemagne King of France has built ponds for swimming allow him to practice this kind of sport, and pursued by Louis XIV, who was staying games swimming in the River Seine and personally involving.
The emergence of the first book about swimming in 1538 (Epiphany), important evidence on the increased interest of people in this sport, which continued to evolve and spread, until the back of the book (Johnfrost) year 1816 for swimming the chest, and the author is a teacher of swimming explained the principles of the breaststroke in a scientific way.


The rapid development of the pool and its movements, it began when I moved to swim the seas and rivers to swimming pools and formed their associations and clubs which showed the National Association for swimming in London in 1837, and became the first union of private swimming amateur in England in 1896. The International Federation for swimming, delayed his appearance until the year 1908.

Development and spread of swimming:

Breaststroke began to spread from the year 1840, and held the first Msabaktha in 1844 which won the most Spaqatha a Red Indian. He then appeared with the advent of pool side arm out of the water in 1855.

The pool crawl on the belly, they are closely related as a family (Cavell) Fredrick Cafill who tried to cross the English Channel with his colleague, the English Captain (Web), but did not succeed, he traveled to Australia and worked as a teacher of swimming subscribe to one of his sons (Richard Cavell) in competitions conducted in 1902 in London. In 1903 he traveled (Cavell) to America, and the work of a coach in San Francisco, which has spread the way swimming crawl on the belly and most famous heroes of the time (Johnny Asmlr) In 1932 emerged the Japanese of this type of swimming and excelled, and then spread this way all over the world and adopted by most states and is still one of the most important and fastest ways of swimming.

In 1948 appeared butterfly or dolphin, while swimming back, it has evolved considerably since its inception after World War I in 1917 were movements lead such movements breaststroke, have developed and become strikes hands, such as strikes (Alkrol) swimming crawl on the belly, with strikes legs .

It is worth mentioning that the races long swim, before the races short Historically, the most important race is the race Channel, and these races are different from racing short is not in the distance, but in ways that training and implementation, but this type of swimming regulations and its law and methods of arbitration for, and the races are held at Sea and rivers and lakes and have a specific itinerary, and the most famous of these races are:

1. Race Channel (France - England) 33 kilometers in length.

2. Race Capri - Naples (Italy) 30 km in length.

3. Race Nile International (Helwan - Cairo) Egypt distance of 57 kilometers.

4. Race or Ontario (Canada) 45 km in length.

The sport of swimming short distances to contest one of the games that have entered the basic curriculum in the Olympic Olympics first held in Athens in 1896, and incorporated the sport of swimming for women in the curriculum at the Stockholm Olympics in 1912.

Pool of international specifications:

A length of fifty meters and width of twenty-one meters and a depth of one meter and eight-tenths of a meter (1.80 m).

The number of lane eight, and display a single two-meter and a half a meter, leaving a distance of half a meter outside each of the first lane, eighth and ropes must be put to separate lanes for these spaces.

Extends along the lane ropes pelvis, and each rope is made up of the signs of contiguous 0.05 m in diameter should be painted buoys and along a distance of five meters from the ends of the pool distinctive color from the rest of the floats.

Platforms off:

High platform above the water surface of half a meter to three-quarters of a meter in length (58 cm) and display (50 cm) minimum. Numbered each platform of platforms initiation of the four aspects, and the distance that separates the swimming pool for diving must be at least five meters.

The arbitral tribunal:

The arbitral tribunal is composed of:

Rule - the Chief Justice - Chief Almiqatien - Monitor turnover per lane judges performance - marked the start - Miqatyon per lane - three judges of the line of the end of each lane.

Swimming races:

The sport of swimming sport for the common men and women in the following distances:

Free swimming:

And meaning that leads the rider who wants to swim style, with the exception of race medley relay or individual event where diverse leads in any manner other than the butterfly or swimming pool or on the chest on the back.

In the freestyle swimmer during the rotation can to touch the wall in any part of his body, and is not mandatory that touched his hand.

Distances in the free-swimming:

100 meters - 200 meters - 400 meters - 800 meters - 1500 meters for men only relay 4 × 100 meters. Relay for men only 4 × 200 meters.

Breaststroke:

You must put the body on the chest fully and shoulders in a single line with the surface of the water, and should appear part of the head above the water always, but at first in case of rotation allowed the swimmer strongly one Baldhirain and at once the two men when Gattsa water.

At the roundabout and at the end of the race must touch the wall with both hands together.

Distances in swimming on the chest: 100 meters - 200 meters.

Backstroke:

When you give the signal for the contestants during the rotation pushes the wall, and swim on their backs for the duration of the race. And prevents the rider to change the normal position on the back before you touch his head or his hand or arm, the end of the basin during the rotation or the end of the race.

Distances in the backstroke: 100 meters - 200 meters.

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